For a HH, let I0\mathcal I_0, I1\mathcal I_1, and I2\mathcal I_2 denote respectively the elementary, trace-class, and Hilbert–Schmidt operator ideals. Shale's subgroups are

GL(H)i={I+XGL(H):XIi},i=0,1,2.GL(H)_i=\{I+X\in GL(H):X\in\mathcal I_i\},\qquad i=0,1,2.

Thus:

Remarks

GL(H)0GL(H)_0 is dense in GL(H)1GL(H)_1 in the trace-class topology and in GL(H)2GL(H)_2 in the Hilbert–Schmidt topology.