On a measure space XX, a function f:XBf:X\to B, with BB a Banach space, is strongly measurable if there are measurable simple functions sn:XBs_n:X\to B such that sn(x)f(x)B0\|s_n(x)-f(x)\|_B\to0 outside a measurable null set. A Banach-valued simple function has finite range and is written jbj1Ej\sum_jb_j\mathbf1_{E_j} with measurable EjE_j.

Integral norms

Strong measurability makes xf(x)Bx\mapsto\|f(x)\|_B measurable up to null-set modification, as a pointwise limit of the measurable scalar norms of the approximations. If the measure is not complete, work with a measurable representative or its completion. Together with integrability of this norm, it characterizes .