Let XX be a . For an integrable simple function s=∑jxj1Ejs=\sum_jx_j\mathbf1_{E_j}, set ∫s dμ=∑jxjμ(Ej)\int s\,d\mu=\sum_jx_j\mu(E_j). A function ff is Bochner integrable if it admits such simple functions sns_n with

∫∥f−sn∥X dμ⟶0.\int\|f-s_n\|_X\,d\mu\longrightarrow0.

Its integral is lim⁡n∫sn dμ\lim_n\int s_n\,d\mu in XX. The estimate ∥∫s∥≤∫∥s∥\|\int s\|\le\int\|s\| shows that this limit exists and is independent of the approximations.

Criterion and bound

Equivalently, ff is an almost-everywhere pointwise norm limit of measurable simple functions and ∫∥f∥X dμ<∞\int\|f\|_X\,d\mu<\infty. This is . The integral satisfies ∥∫f∥X≤∫∥f∥X\|\int f\|_X\le\int\|f\|_X, and bounded linear operators commute with it.

References