Let EXE\to X be a smooth complex vector bundle of rank n0n\ge0. Its complete flag bundle p:Fl(E)Xp:\operatorname{Fl}(E)\to X has fiber at xx the set of chains of complex vector subspaces

0=V0V1Vn=Ex,dimCVj=j.0=V_0\subset V_1\subset\cdots\subset V_n=E_x, \qquad \dim_{\mathbb C}V_j=j.

The standard flag manifold Fl(Cn)\operatorname{Fl}(\mathbb C^n) is the smooth homogeneous space GL(n,C)/B\operatorname{GL}(n,\mathbb C)/B, where BB is the closed subgroup of invertible upper-triangular matrices, the stabilizer of the coordinate flag. Local trivializations of EE identify Fl(E)U\operatorname{Fl}(E)|_U with U×Fl(Cn)U\times\operatorname{Fl}(\mathbb C^n); these charts specify the topology and smooth structure. Equivalently,

Fl(E)=Fr(E)×GL(n,C)Fl(Cn)\operatorname{Fl}(E)=\operatorname{Fr}(E)\times_{\operatorname{GL}(n,\mathbb C)}\operatorname{Fl}(\mathbb C^n)

is the for the natural left action on flags and the right action on the complex frame bundle. The projection sends a flag in ExE_x to xx. For n=0n=0, the unique empty flag gives Fl(E)=X\operatorname{Fl}(E)=X.

Tautological filtration

The pulled-back bundle pEp^*E has subbundles FjF_j whose fiber at a flag (V)(V_\bullet) is VjV_j. The quotients Lj=Fj/Fj1L_j=F_j/F_{j-1} are complex line bundles. A Hermitian metric splits this filtration smoothly, while the filtration and quotients require no chosen metric.