A measurable action of a countable discrete group GG on a is essentially free if

μ{x:Tgx=x}=0(g≠e).\mu\{x:T_gx=x\}=0\qquad(g\ne e).

Since GG is countable, this is equivalent to almost every point having trivial stabilizer.

Examples

An irrational circle rotation gives an essentially free Z\mathbb Z-action: no nonzero power fixes a point. A cycle of length nn is ergodic as a Z\mathbb Z-system but not essentially free, since TnT^n is the identity. The action of Z/nZ\mathbb Z/n\mathbb Z by translation on itself is free; the acting group matters.