For a p:E→Bp:E\to B, a deck transformation is a homeomorphism h:E→Eh:E\to E such that p∘h=pp\circ h=p. It moves points within fibers while preserving the covering projection. Deck transformations form a group under composition.

Torus deck translations

For an pAp_A, each translation [x]↦[x+a][x]\mapsto[x+a] with Aa∈ZnAa\in\mathbb Z^n is a deck transformation. These are all the deck transformations: the continuous difference h([x])−[x]h([x])-[x] lies in the finite kernel of pAp_A, and the torus is connected, so that difference is constant. The group is A−1Zn/ZnA^{-1}\mathbb Z^n/\mathbb Z^n. A general covering need not have enough deck transformations to act transitively on every fiber.

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