For a>0a>0, bRb\in\mathbb R, and z>0z>0, the Tricomi confluent hypergeometric function is represented by

U(a,b,z)=1Γ(a)0eztta1(1+t)ba1dt.U(a,b,z)=\frac1{\Gamma(a)}\int_0^\infty e^{-zt}t^{a-1}(1+t)^{b-a-1}\,dt.

The fixes its normalization. The positive integrand is integrable at zero and infinity in this domain.

Differential equation

Differentiating under the integral and integrating the derivative of eztta(1+t)bae^{-zt}t^a(1+t)^{b-a} shows

zUzz+(bz)UzaU=0.zU_{zz}+(b-z)U_z-aU=0.

Both boundary terms vanish. This real integral domain suffices for many positive-profile calculations; continuation to complex arguments entails additional branch conventions.

References