For a,b>0a,b>0, define the Gamma average profile

Fa,b(z)=1Γ(a)0evva1(1+zv)bdv,z0.F_{a,b}(z)=\frac1{\Gamma(a)}\int_0^\infty e^{-v}v^{a-1}(1+zv)^{-b}\,dv,\qquad z\ge0.

It is positive, at most one, and satisfies Fa,b(0)=1F_{a,b}(0)=1. The normalization uses the .

Relation to Tricomi U

For z>0z>0, substituting t=zvt=zv gives

Fa,b(z)=zaU(a,1+ab,z1).F_{a,b}(z)=z^{-a}U(a,1+a-b,z^{-1}).

The original integral, unlike this transformed expression, directly defines the endpoint value at zero. No values at negative zz are supplied by the displayed real integral: the factor 1+zv1+zv then reaches zero within the integration range.