Let IRI\subseteq\mathbb R be an , let g:IJg:I\to J and f:JRf:J\to\mathbb R be functions on intervals, and fix an interior point xIx\in I. Assume ff and gg are at the points where they are used. Then:

  • Linearity. For cRc\in\mathbb R,
    (f+g)(x)=f(x)+g(x),(cf)(x)=cf(x).(f+g)'(x)=f'(x)+g'(x),\qquad (cf)'(x)=c\,f'(x).
  • Product rule.
    (fg)(x)=f(x)g(x)+f(x)g(x).(fg)'(x)=f'(x)g(x)+f(x)g'(x).
  • Quotient rule. If g(x)0g(x)\neq 0, then
    (fg)(x)=f(x)g(x)f(x)g(x)(g(x))2.\left(\frac{f}{g}\right)'(x)=\frac{f'(x)g(x)-f(x)g'(x)}{(g(x))^2}.
  • Chain rule. If gg is differentiable at xx and ff is differentiable at g(x)g(x), then
    (fg)(x)=f(g(x))g(x).(f\circ g)'(x)=f'(g(x))\,g'(x).
Remarks

The multivariable extends the last identity to differentiable maps between Euclidean spaces.