Let f:(X,dX)(Y,dY)f:(X,d_X)\to(Y,d_Y) be a function between , and let AXA\subseteq X. We say ff is continuous on AA if the restriction fA:AYf|_A:A\to Y, with AA carrying the subspace metric, is continuous. Equivalently, fAf|_A is aAa\in A.

Spelled out: for every aAa\in A and every ε>0\varepsilon>0, there exists δ>0\delta>0 such that for all xAx\in A,

dX(x,a)<δdY ⁣(f(x),f(a))<ε.d_X(x,a)<\delta \quad\Rightarrow\quad d_Y\!\bigl(f(x),f(a)\bigr)<\varepsilon.
Equivalent characterizations

Equivalent viewpoints (metric spaces):

  • Sequential: if xnAx_n\in A, aAa\in A, and xnax_n\to a, then f(xn)f(a)f(x_n)\to f(a) (see ).
  • Open-set: for every open VYV\subseteq Y, the preimage (fA)1(V)=Af1(V)(f|_A)^{-1}(V)=A\cap f^{-1}(V) is open in AA (i.e., it equals AUA\cap U for some open UXU\subseteq X).
Examples
  • Any polynomial p:RRp:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R} is continuous on every ARA\subseteq\mathbb{R}.
  • The function f:R{0}Rf:\mathbb R\setminus\{0\}\to\mathbb R, f(x)=1/xf(x)=1/x, is continuous on every subset of its domain.
Remarks

If ff is differentiable (see ) on an open set, then it is continuous there.