Cocycle condition for transition functions

The compatibility identities on double and triple overlaps needed to glue a fiber bundle.
Cocycle condition for transition functions

Let {(Ui,Φi)}\{(U_i,\Phi_i)\} be a for a smooth fiber bundle with typical fiber FF, and let tij:UijDiff(F)t_{ij}:U_{ij}\to \mathrm{Diff}(F) be the associated . They satisfy the following identities:

  1. Identity on the diagonal: tii(x)=idFt_{ii}(x)=\mathrm{id}_F for all xUix\in U_i.
  2. Inverse on overlaps: on UijU_{ij}, one has tji(x)=tij(x)1t_{ji}(x)=t_{ij}(x)^{-1}.
  3. Cocycle condition on triple overlaps: on Uijk=UiUjUkU_{ijk}=U_i\cap U_j\cap U_k, tij(x)tjk(x)=tik(x)for all xUijk. t_{ij}(x)\circ t_{jk}(x)=t_{ik}(x)\qquad \text{for all }x\in U_{ijk}.

These conditions are exactly the statement that the changes of trivialization compose consistently, so that the local products Ui×FU_i\times F glue to a well-defined .

Examples

  1. Trivial bundle: all tijt_{ij} are the identity, so the cocycle condition holds tautologically.
  2. Möbius line bundle: with t121t_{12}\equiv-1, the cocycle identity on a triple overlap reduces to (1)(1)=1(-1)\cdot(-1)=1.
  3. Tangent bundle: on triple overlaps of coordinate charts, the cocycle condition is the chain rule for Jacobians of coordinate changes.