Definition

A C1C^1 flow φt:NN\varphi_t:N\to N on a compact manifold is an Anosov flow if there is a continuous invariant splitting

TN=EsE0Eu,TN=E^s\oplus E^0\oplus E^u,

where E0E^0 is the flow direction, and constants C,λ>0C,\lambda>0 satisfy

DφtvsCeλtvs,DφtvuCeλtvu\|D\varphi_t v^s\|\le Ce^{-\lambda t}\|v^s\|, \qquad \|D\varphi_{-t}v^u\|\le Ce^{-\lambda t}\|v^u\|

for all t0t\ge0, vsEsv^s\in E^s, and vuEuv^u\in E^u.

Invariance

The splitting is invariant: Dφt(Ex)=Eφt(x)D\varphi_t(E^\bullet_x)=E^\bullet_{\varphi_t(x)}. Vectors in EsE^s contract forward in time, while vectors in EuE^u contract backward in time.

Principal example

The on the unit tangent bundle of a compact negatively curved manifold is Anosov. Its hyperbolic splitting supports symbolic descriptions and stable/unstable fractal sets.

References
  1. Dmitry Anosov, Geodesic Flows on Closed Riemannian Manifolds with Negative Curvature, AMS, 1969. DOI record.