Let KLK\subseteq L be fields and let αL\alpha\in L be algebraic over KK. The minimal polynomial of α\alpha over KK is the unique monic mα,K(x)K[x]m_{\alpha,K}(x)\in K[x] such that mα,K(α)=0m_{\alpha,K}(\alpha)=0.

Remarks

It generates the kernel of the evaluation map K[x]LK[x]\to L, ff(α)f\mapsto f(\alpha), and determines the simple extension K(α)K(\alpha) up to KK-isomorphism.

Examples
  • Over Q\mathbb Q, the minimal polynomial of 2\sqrt2 is x22x^2-2.
  • Over R\mathbb R, the minimal polynomial of ii is x2+1x^2+1.
  • If αK\alpha\in K, then the minimal polynomial is xαx-\alpha.