Schreier's lemma. Let GG be a generated by SS, let HGH\le G be a , and choose a right transversal TT for HH in GG. For gGg\in G, write gT\overline g\in T for the unique representative of the right coset HgHg.

Then HH is generated by

tu(tu)1(tT, uSS1).t\,u\,(\overline{tu})^{-1} \qquad (t\in T,\ u\in S\cup S^{-1}).

If S=S1S=S^{-1}, it suffices to let uu range over SS.

Remarks

This is a core tool for proving results about generators of subgroups, including the .